 |
|
|
 |
2001 Minutes |
 |
 |
  
|
 |
|
|
January 8-9, 2001 Reno, NevadaIndividuals attending: Koushik Adhiari (University of Missouri, Columbia) Monday, January 8, 2001 The meeting was called to order by the chairman, Dr. Tilak Dhiman, at 8:35 am. The first order of business was the introduction of the committee members. Dr. Dhiman requested everyone to update the address list. Administrative remarks: Dr. Ron Pardini welcomed everyone to Reno. He discussed the changes that had occurred in the multi-state research project format. Instead of projects being approved for 5 years, they can now be approved for any length of time. Much of the paperwork can now be submitted electronically. The committee has not been as effective as it could be in developing an impact statement in terms of economic, social, environmental, etc. Dr. Pardini suggested taking time at the end of the meeting to discuss what impacts we have had as a group. Dr. Henry Tyrrell discussed the revamping of procedures for multi-state regional projects. He noted a real push in the Northeast to have a paperless management system. Rather than annual reports being completed on an annual and being due in March, the annual reports will be due within 60 days of the committee’s annual meeting. He noted that every project should have its own web page. Dr. Dave Schingoethe requested that the committee be notified when the annual report is on the web page. Dr. Tyrrell noted that individual station reports are not public, but minutes and annual reports are public information. Dr. Dhiman will complete the annual report, circulate it to the committee members for review, then submit it to Dr. Pardini to be turned in. Dr. Tyrrell noted that much of the research internationally has been privatized. The research is very focused, short term, application for results. He believes there will be long term ramifications: no incentive to do extension work, no incentive to train students. Dr. Bob Champion from DMI discussed that they are rethinking their research funding budget. It will not increase. 2000-2001 has a pretty stable budget, a change from the previous decline. Many of the farmers on the board were discontent with the research results and the last few years they have made increasing efforts to make the research they fund fulfill the farmer’s wishes. DMI regularly conducts an industry survey to discover what areas are of greatest need. They prefer to partner with industry. Currently, their research priorities are:
They also co-fund if it is a high cost project. DMI conducted a Dairy Research Summit in July of 2000 in Baltimore, which included the USDA, DMI, academicians, and industry. They wanted to unify the national research plan to avoid duplication and increase efficiency. There were three committees: situation analysis, benefits assessment, and vision/mission. DMI calendar for grant funding:
Dr. Dhiman passed out the minutes from last year. Corrections to names and spelling errors were mentioned. M/S Dr. Cindie Luhman/ Dr. Bev Teter to approve minutes of the 2000 meeting as corrected. Station reports: Dr. Ed DePeters distributed the project report for University of California, Davis. He is currently doing research with pima cottonseed, cheese production, fatty acid composition, retention of fat and water in cheese, and kappa casein A&B. Dr. Joe O’Donnell discussed that they are looking into the genome that controls milk composition, and the genome mapping of probiotics. He also talked about education by the California Dairy Quality Assurance, that its emphasis is safety, the environment, and animal welfare. It is a partnership of 14 agencies, including funding from the US EPA. He said that 10 dairymen have already gone through the program and are certified. Dr. Francois Enjalbert discussed in sacco and in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids from ground and extruded rapeseeds. There was little difference in the disappearance of oleic acid, but a more noted difference between the ground and extruded rapeseeds in the disappearance of linoleic and linolenic acids in the in sacco trial. Dr. Don Beitz discussed an index of atherogenicity (AI), as developed by Ulbricht and Southgate, and its use to examine heritability and variability in AI in cows based on breed, season, mastitis, and energy balance of the cow. Dairy products varying in AI are being studied. Naomi Scott presented three trials performed at the Land O' Lakes Research
Farm. Dr. Jim Drackley presented “Effects of amounts, type, and site of lipid infusion to lactating dairy cows". The University of Illinois also did research examining sphingomyelin in milk and its possible anti-cancer effects. Dr. Denise Beaulieu (University of Illinois) discussed the effects of feeding CLA on body composition in rats. Dr. Beaulieu also discussed a project in which milk was collected from four different regions in Wisconsin. She collected milk from both retail stores and producers and determined the variability in milk fatty acid composition. She concluded that it is difficult to determine the population intake of CLA because it varies so much from store to store. Dr. Ken McGoffey discussed milk fatty acid changes from feeding Rumensin/monensin. There was variability with different diets and site to site differences, but generally Rumensin decreases milk fat. Rumensin reduced BHBA, and clinical ketosis in trials in Canada. Dr. Yves Chilliard presented “Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids.” He stated that there is a 20% transfer from diet to milk when dosing oil post-ruminally. When fish oil is infused into the rumen, the transfer efficiency into the milk is 3% EPA (C20:5), 39% DPA (C22%), and 11% DHA (C22:6). If fish oil is infused into the duodenum, the transfer efficiency is 20% EPA, 71% DPA, and 18% DHA. Dr. Chilliard also plans to look at the effects of different oils on milk flavor, butter hardness, milk oxidative stability, and human health. He noted the differences in milk, fat, and protein between the responses of cow, goat, and ewe to dietary lipids. Dr. Hussein Hussein discussed feeding CLA to lambs. He noted that CLA production depends on substrate, rumen microflora, breed, and diet. The goal of this project is to identify dietary strategies that maximize production of CLA in dairy and beef cattle using a dual flow continuous culture fermenter system. Dr. Stanley T. Omaye discussed “Molecular action of antioxidants in lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis”. Data considered included:
A discussion ensued about Dairy Foods manufacturers using milk with modified fatty acids. It was decided that the committee should have more people on it that are in the dairy processing industry. Dr. Drackley asked if the committee was worthwhile? Are we off-base in doing this research? Is it usable in the market? Will the producer be compensated for good products? We want to look for a healthy alternative to butter, but margarine is still perceived as good. We need collaboration with human nutritionists so that they believe in what we are doing. Dr. O’Donnell suggested that the check off system is run by marketing. The market is in cheese and milk. Milk fat is the most complex and we are on the right track. We need to teach farmers to feed according to research results and they need to see financial reward. Need more communication between research and marketing. Consumer education must be involved to teach health benefits of CLA. Dr. Tyrrell stated that people buy food by taste and convenience, not medicinal value. It becomes an issue only when there is a negative (food poisoning). Pizza is a big driving force of dairy right now. Suggestions of chemists to invite? Dr. Palmquist suggested Bob Roberts. Dr. Jenkins suggested asking one to come in each year to give a talk, and it would help them to come again each year. Dr. Palmquist noted that there is an international conference on CLA in Norway in June. Email Dr. Luhman or Dr. Dhiman for suggestions on speakers that are marketing or Dairy Foods oriented. Dr. Dhiman discussed the committee’s statement regarding trans fatty acids sent to the FDA in Feb. 2000. The date has been extended for a response and the original letter is on file. M/S Dr. Drackley/Dr. Schingoethe to write a second letter concerning labeling all trans fatty acids as the same. Motion carried. Dr. Dhiman will write the letter and send it to the group for comments. Dr. Pardini reviewed the new annual report form, which is much shorter. Committee members should use the same form for their annual report so the secretary can select the impact and results statements. Dr. Dhiman will make copies or it is on the web page: http://advs.usu.edu/advs/Dhiman/milkfat.html Dr. Champion stated that the DMI website lists the projects that are funded. Their main page is dairyinfo.com. Their project page is extraordinarydairy.com. Adjourned until Tuesday morning. Dr. Dhiman called the meeting to order at 8:35 am. Dr. Pardini discussed meeting time for next year; the meeting will be January 7-8, 2002. The meeting will run Monday, 8am until Tuesday, noon. There was a discussion about lengthening the meeting. The length of the meeting will remain the same, but time will be restricted for each institution. Election of secretary for 2002: M/S Dr. Drackley/Dr. DePeters to elect Bev Teter as secretary. Discussion ensued. Dr. Jenkins called for the question, motion passed. Dr. Vivek Fellner presented abstracts of his research: “Microbial fermentation in continuous cultures receiving fat before or after the addition of an ionophores” and “Effect of supplemental copper on copper status, serum cholesterol and milk fatty acids in Holstein cows”. His current projects include “Evaluation of different fat sources on fermentation and biohydrogenation by ruminal microorganisms”, “Effects on performance and milk composition of lactating cows fed gamagrass silage with increasing levels of corn”, and “Effect of glucogenic precursors on ruminal fermentation and ruminal lipid metabolism”. He is interested in pursuing milk quality as pertains to milk fatty acid composition. He is also interested in the mechanism that produces CLA in the rumen, fat sources and how they affect rumen fermentation. M/S Dr. Beitz/Dr. Herbein to include Dr. Fellner in the committee as a voting member. Motion carried. Appendix D was distributed to committee members to use as the format for the annual report. Dr. Dhiman will complete this form this year, and encourages everyone to bring station reports in this format. Dr. Bev Teter (University of Maryland) discussed research on delta-9 desaturase, which may be inhibited by CLA. Dr. Dhiman distributed the annual report from Dr. Dale Bauman and Dr. Dave Barbano, Cornell University. Dr. Don Palmquist presented a three year study on roasted soybeans and oxidized flavor in milk. Unsaturated fatty acids plays a key role. Industry uses the amount of hexanel to predict oxidized flavor, but the taste panel found no connection between the amount of hexanel and oxidized flavor. Multiple regression formulations account for 50% of the variation. There is no good chemical analysis to determine oxidized flavor. He noted the website for the international CLA meeting: Dr. Tom Jenkins discussed “Pathways for the synthesis of trans monoenes by mixed ruminal microbes”. In another trial, he fed unprotected CLA and amide of CLA in which both caused a drop in milk fat. Dr. Dave Schingoethe discussed his research on green algae and fish oil, which TVA and CLA the rumen. Dr. Tilak Dhiman presented “The influence of diet on conjugated linoleic acid content of beef”. The pasture fed group had the highest CLA content in the fatty tissue. Dr. Joseph Herbein presented research using continuous rumen fermenters as a way to evaluate biohydrogenation and fatty acids in the rumen. Dr. Kerry Kaylegian has been working with milk fat fractionation. She is collecting data on the fatty acid composition of the different fractions. Most of the fractionation is done for product development. Fractions can be blended back together to form the kind of consistency desired. Dr. Dhiman thanked everyone for attending, and the committee thanked Dr. Pardini for his hospitality. The meeting was adjourned at 11:30 am. Respectfully submitted: Dr. Cindie Luhman
|
|
|
